Individuals vs Society Theme in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

Individuals vs Society Theme in Romeo and Juliet Essay In the age of Rome and Juliets creation, many values of society were different from those we can observe in modern day life. Women did not have equal rights, fathers had a lot more authority over their children and arranged marriages were still practiced. A big factor was peoples Christian faith; it was much stronger in those days so the church played a huge role in society. There are lots of factors that contribute to the outcome of the play and these can be separated into Generic factors and society and values. In modern families, parents tend to have control over the household. They do not force the children to marry or force their life decisions upon them but they have a subtle yet firm grasp on their childrens lives. They use this grasp to guide, not to force their children. However, in the time of Romeo and Juliet, the parents had control over the household, the father more so than the mother. They would tell their children how to live. We see evidence of this in Act III Scene v when Capulet discusses marriage with Juliet. He is very upset to hear that she does not want to go through with her arranged marriage. Capulet: Hang thee young baggage, disobedient wretch! I tell thee what: get thee to church a Thursday, Or never after look me in the face Wife, we scarce thought us blest That God had lent us but this only child, But now I see this one is one too much, And that we have a curse in having her. Out on her, hilding! This seems like a very drastic reaction but it shows how much control a father considered himself to have, and just how important he considered it to be. This kind of controlling behaviour added greatly to the tragedy in the end. The honour of the family name was of great importance during the time of the play. It represented your history and heritage, who you were and your position in society. A person would go to great lengths to uphold the honour in their name, especially Tybalt. The Montagues and the Capulets were both high up in the social hierarchy, as is stated in the prologue Two households, both alike in dignity. They had a lot to defend but they entangled in an ancient grudge. They had had a small argument with each other and this had become very serious by the time Romeo and Juliet had met. The play begins with the two families brawling in the streets and the prince then says If ever you disturb our streets again, Your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace. A fight breaks out in Act III Sc i, which results in the deaths of Tybalt and Mercutio. There was a cascade of events leading to this. Romeo and his friends had sneaked into the Capulets party, Tybalt saw Romeo there and wanted to fight him, but his uncle told him off, He shall be endured Tybalt was angry with Romeo after this for making a mockery of his family and for getting him into trouble with his uncle. He wanted to fight him even more. This was after Romeo has married Juliet, so Tybalt does not know that Romeo was honouring his wife by not fighting a member of her family. Romeo says Tybalt, the reason that I have to love thee Doth much excuse the appertaining rage to such a greeting Tybalt replies Boy, this shall not excuse the injuries thou hast done me, therefore turn and draw. Mercutio feels that this threat to Romeo is unacceptable and challenges Tybalt, O calm, dishonourable, vile submission! After Mercutio defends Romeo and fights Tybalt, Mercutio is killed. Out of loyal ty to his friend and anger, Romeo kills Tybalt to avenge Mercutios death. .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95 , .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95 .postImageUrl , .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95 , .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95:hover , .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95:visited , .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95:active { border:0!important; } .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95:active , .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95 .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u109e8024efd7fabee4d8048c3216ea95:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Charles Dickens essay - Oliver TwistPerhaps if family honour had not been so serious, Mercutio and Tybalt would have lived and also Romeo and Juliet could have marred each other. Also, if these events had not taken place, Juliets arranged marriage would not have been pushed forward by her father. Before these events Lord Capulet said that she was too young. We see several different types of loyalty which contribute to the outcome, Romeos loyalty to his wife, Tybalts loyalty to his family and Mercutios loyalty to his friend. In Act I Scene ii Romeo meets Capulets servant. The servant had been given the guest list of the party and has been told to find all the people on it, only he couldnt read. He needed to find out who they were, so he asked Romeo to read it for him. Romeo saw that Rosaline (the girl he liked) was invited so he decided to go. This shows that education was a big factor because if the servant was had have been able to read, Romeo would not have gone to the party and met Juliet. Marriage was considered very important in those days. A woman would have no honour if she was not married. This is partly why a father would arrange his daughters marriage. Also, people did not get divorced in Verona because they were Catholic. Juliets arranged marriage was also in response to Tybalts death, her parents thought it would cheer her up and bring the family closer together in their time of grievance, we see this in Act III Scene v. Lady Capulet: Find thou means, and Ill find such a man But now Ill tell thee joyful tidings girl Well, well, thou hast a careful father, child, one who, to put thee from thy heaviness, hath sorted out a sudden day of joy If marriage was considered a bond between two people who love each other rather than just a womans ticket to honour, or, in this case, a quick fix for Juliets depression then Juliets marriage would not have been arranged and the families would have accepted Romeo and Juliets love, if the feud had not existed. People were extremely dedicated to religion (Christianity) at the time of Romeo and Juliet. It also plays a big part in Romeo and Juliets relationship. Juliet went to Friar Lawrence when her father told her to marry Paris. In Act II Scene v we see using shrift as an excuse whilst she went and married Romeo. Nurse: Have you leave to go to shrift today? Juliet: I have Nurse: Then hie you hence to Friar Lawrences cell, there stays a husband to make you a wife. Both Romeo and Juliet were close with Friar Lawrence; this is partly why he agreed to marry the pair because he thought it will patch relations between the feuding households. After marrying them, the Friar felt bound to keep them together, so when Romeo got banished and Juliet was supposed to marry Paris, he formulated a plan to bring Romeo and Juliet back together, but when the Friar attempted to send Romeo a letter it didnt get there because the person he had asked to deliver the letter couldnt get through a towns gate due to the outbreak of the plague at the time. This lead to trouble when Romeo found out that Juliet was dead (part of the Friars plan was to give her poison which made her seem dead for twenty four hours). Romeo went back to Verona and killed himself, then Juliet woke up to find Romeo dead she also killed herself. Several factors contributed to this particular part of the play, one being the plague. If people of the time had not been so religious, Romeo and Juliet would not have been so close with Friar Lawrence, then they may not have been able to get married in the first place. Romeo and Juliet felt it necessary to get married because they felt they were in love and their religion stated that they could not be together in a physical sense until they were married. .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad , .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad .postImageUrl , .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad , .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad:hover , .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad:visited , .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad:active { border:0!important; } .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad:active , .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc8c8d21784bce8e075c5e7ae178695ad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare and contrast the actions EssayWhen Romeo first saw Juliet he was drawn to her beauty. The two of them fell in love very quickly because they were teenagers and they felt so deeply in love that they needed to get married. When Romeo first explained this to Friar Lawrence in Act II Scene iii the Friar accuses Romeo of just being in love with Juliets beauty, Young mens love lies Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes. He also said Wisely and slow, they stumble that run fast. This means that people who rush into things eventually fall. Romeo and Juliet could not understand the Friars point because they thought their love would always last, which emphasises even f urther their young naivety. Perhaps if Romeo and Juliet were older they would not have been so hasty with their relationship and things would not have gotten so serious so quickly. Also if the Friar had refused to marry them things would have been a lot different. Many factors that contribute to the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet were purely fate and chance, circumstances beyond our control. We observe several characters speaking of unhappy tidings and they refer to fate and chance. In Act V Scene ii when Friar Lawrence and Friar John talk about the letter, Friar Lawrence says Unhappy fortune! An Elizabethan audience would have taken more notice of this because they believed in fate a lot more than todays audience. Conclusion There were many issues to do with the society and values of the time that stood between Romeo and Juliet, but some of them brought them together. The society and values contributed to the outcome of the play to a great extent, but fate and chance was the catalyst that created the tragic outcome. I think that if it wasnt for the simple bad luck, Romeo and Juliet could have been together. The Elizabethan audience would have seen it like this because they had first hand experience of the society and values of the time. The modern audience has a much narrower understanding of all the things affecting Romeo and Juliet. But the Elizabethan audience would have had less sympathy with Romeo and Juliet than a modern audience because they would look down on people going against the major factors of their society as Romeo and Juliet did. They didnt feel that true love was of much importance.

Compettive Analysis Costco Wholesale Company free essay sample

It has undergone expansion and is now represented in many countries around the world. Limited product offerings (usually only 10% of typical retail establishments) create a â€Å"treasure hunt† atmosphere for Costco customers. Costco members are very loyal, with renewal rates consistently between 85 and 90 percent. Weaknesses Its limited range of products in stores may not allow it much flexibility compared to competitors that are less specialized. Costco’s â€Å"discount† business plan is typically immune to economic downturn, however, an extended recession or the rising value of the dollar may pinch margins. Opportunities Expanding product offering in individual stores may provide greater prospects. Costco should also enter new domestic markets and international markets. Costco should also enter unexploited markets such as automobiles, entertainment, or furniture. Threats Costco Wholesale Co. is under the threat of worldwide competition from other stores, including up-and-coming or unknown retail concepts. Other threats include inflation and the general slow-down of the world economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Compettive Analysis Costco Wholesale Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cross-implication matrix for Costco Wholesale Company |Strength |Weaknesses | |Opportunities |Enter unexploited markets |More focus on particular products | |Threats |Make use of economies of scale |Maintain high value products | Competitors Brand Competitors: Wal-Mart (Sams Club), BJ’s Wholesale Club Industry Competitors: Wal-Mart, Kroger, Supervalu Form competitors: Safeway, Target Generic competitors: Best Buy, local grocery/market, Chevron SWOT Analysis of Sam’s Club/Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Sam’s Club is the membership warehouse outlet of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Wal-Mart is the worlds largest retailer, with nearly $400 billion in sales in the fiscal year ending Jan. 31, 2007. The company employs more than 2 million associates worldwide through more than 7,400 stores around the world. (www. finance. yahoo. com) Strengths Wal-Mart is the most powerful retail brand. It has a reputation for value, convenience and a wide range of products all in one store. Wal-Mart has grown substantially in recent years and has experienced global expansion (for example, its purchase of the United Kingdom based retailer ASDA). The company’s key to success is its use of information technology to support its international logistics system. For example, on-demand reports are available to track the performance of individual products world-wide, store-by-store at a glance. IT also supports Wal-Marts efficient procurement system. A focused strategy is in place for human resource management and development. People are key to Wal-Marts business and it invests time and money in training people, and retaining a developing them. Weaknesses Wal-Mart is the worlds largest grocery retailer and control of its empire, despite its IT advantages, could leave it weak in some areas due to the huge span of control. Since Wal-Mart sells products across many sectors (such as clothing, food, or household items), it may not have the flexibility of some of its more focused competitors. Wal-Mart is a global brand; however, its presence is limited to a few countries world wide. Opportunities The most significant opportunity for Wal-Mart is to acquire, merge with, or form strategic alliances with other global retailers, focusing on specific markets such as Europe or the Greater China Region. Global expansion has been limited in size and success. There are tremendous opportunities for future business in expanding consumer markets, such as China and India. Previous attempts by Wal-Mart were independent of existing retailers, so joint efforts may provide greater opportunity for success. In addition, new locations and store types offer Wal-Mart opportunities to exploit market development.

Web Class Room Essays - Educational Psychology, Distance Education

Web Class Room How to Go From Class-Room to Web-Room as Painlessly as Possible 1.0 ABSTRACT Getting your course onto the World Wide Web (WWW) is best done using a systematic approach. There are a number of steps that need to be taken prior to starting any of the actual web work. Meetings should be held with various groups within your institution. Once the actual coursework is begun, there are some essential components and some optional components. There are specific skills and talents that you either need to acquire or you need to access. Each web-based course is unique, but they often have many components in common. Some are essential, others may be optional. Resources can be found on your campus, from the many web companies and from the web itself. 2.0 KEY WORDS World Wide Web, WWW, Distance Education, HTML, Web-Based Instruction 3.0 INTRODUCTION The number of degree credit courses available on the World Wide Web (WWW) has increased at the same astonishing rate as other activities on the WWW. There are some specific steps that can be taken that will help to transport the professor from the idea stage to the delivery of a course over the WWW. Also, just like any other educational technology, web-based instruction works better for some situations than others. Web-based instruction is useful when you want to create a virtual environment which is not easily or, perhaps, safely accessible. An example is sending learners to a virtual nuclear lab or on a "virtual tour" of the Louver in Paris. 4.0 WEB BASED INSTRUCTION Web-based instruction it allows learners to gain knowledge and skill more effectively than traditional methods. Simply transferring material such as lecture notes to the web is not using the technology to its best advantage. Lengthy text such as lecture notes are, in fact, best printed because most learners experience eye strain and sensory disinterest reading long passages of text on a screen. Some specific situations tend to lend themselves to web-based instruction. 4.1 Encouraging Communication You want to encourage communication through conferencing. Through internet conferencing learners may participate in discussions or group work with one another with or without the participation of the instructor. Role plays, simulations of historical events and debates are also examples of how learning can be facilitated through the conferencing option. 4.2 Accessing Source Documents You want learners to use "source documents" to complete assignments such as conducting an analysis or designing a project. These source documents may not be readily available to learners or perhaps, based on the assignment, will not be equally significant to all the learners. For example, you may ask learners to research and analyze issues pertaining to Canadian elections. To complete the assignment, various learners may access archived information such as newspaper and journal articles which specifically relate to their particular interest or point of view. One example is a site operated by the University of Victoria (http://web.uvic.ca/history robinson/index.html) which contains letters, maps, biographies and newspaper articles about the murder of William Robinson committed on Saltspring Island in 1868. The information at the site allows learners and the public to pursue their research as they please and to access original documents which are not generally available. Individuals are free to interpret the meaning of the documents and reach their own conclusions. 4.3 Flexibility of Learning You want to provide maximum flexibility to allow learners to undertake learning and research in the order which best suits them. Because the web allows learners to "move around" at will, they do not need to follow a structured hierarchy. Generally learners need and want some direction but the web allows a more flexible approach. 4.4 Further Study You want learners to pool data and/or analysis to find patterns and trends or to undertake further study. 5.0 ASSUMPTIONS For a starting point and to keep us on track in this paper, I will discuss degree credit courses delivered by the University of New Brunswick. I will assume that for your case there is ready WWW web access for the professor as well as web access for students. Again, for consistency, I expect my students to have at least Netscape 3 (or its equivalent), their own internet service provider (ISP), and the skills necessary to access the WWW. These are my starting points - but most concepts discussed will transfer across institutional lines. 6.0 BEFORE YOU START YOUR COMPUTER 6.1 Steps to Take There a number of things that you should do before you begin to do any coding, contracting or late night computer hacking. There are meetings to setup, there is paper

The producers of British and Irish film use a set of codes and conventions to reinforce the myths about Britain. True or not true Essay Example

The producers of British and Irish film use a set of codes and conventions to reinforce the myths about Britain. True or not true Essay Example The producers of British and Irish film use a set of codes and conventions to reinforce the myths about Britain. True or not true Essay The producers of British and Irish film use a set of codes and conventions to reinforce the myths about Britain. True or not true Essay I have chosen the film Shirley Valentine, 1989 to show that I agree that the producers of British and Irish films use a set of codes and conventions to reinforce the myths about Britain. I will discuss Margaret Thatcher and her policies; I will discuss how Britain saw a revolution during Thatchers reign as Prime Minister and how by 1989, the time of the films release the country was completely different to how it had been before. Social Mobility will be the main subject as I discuss the question. The reason for this is because the film puts emphasis on this throughout. I will also discuss Class Crazed Britain and how this affected us at the time.The Mise en scene will be used to analyse the particular sequence I will use to prove that producers of British and Irish film use a set of codes and conventions to reinforce the myths about Britain, although I will discuss other elements of film making also. Narrative, Genre, Cinematography, Editing and Sound.In 1989, Britain was led by Marg aret Thatcher. By this time she had been in power for ten years and made radical changes to the country-radical changes that would deem significant forever. She decided that we should no longer be living in a welfare state. A state that Edward Heath created after the war to give the country stability. He provided Britain with The NHS, housing estates, better education, transport and benefits leading to TAX and National Insurance. Thatcher believed the state should now have a lesser role and people would have to work themselves out of poverty. Margaret Thatcher was responsible for the right to buy scheme. Enabling council house residents to buy their homes at a discounted rate. This was the turn of an era for most people, especially people from working class communities who had never envisaged this could be possible.Free Enterprise was another radical change under Thatchers power. All major organisations such as British Rail, British Gas and the Public Transport systems were privatis ed. Thatcher was to turn everything around in the way that the job of the Civil Service was no longer to manage Britains decline from the days of the empire.All Thatchers policies caused uproar in the UK. Interest rates rocketed, as did unemployment and numerous strikes were held as rebellion against the Iron Lady. Most significantly, the 1984-85 Miners Strike. A massive piece of history which caused mass heartache and destruction amongst decimated mining communities to this day.Although Thatcherism is now sometimes used as a term of abuse she was also responsible for making things possible that had been unimaginable until now. People now owned their own homes giving them the freedom to move elsewhere-somewhere they could choose, social mobility had increased-especially for women. It was now more acceptable for women to have their own independence, have careers and be counted. The media was now offering productions of a different nature. It was no longer giving the idea that you sho uld marry for life even if youre unhappy. It was now thought of as acceptable to follow your heart and push the boundaries. In the film Shirley Valentine, we see the transition. We see a woman in a dull marriage living the same day every day. Although she isnt in an abusive relationship she does feel guilt in the way that she had made her choice and would have to stick to it. She refers to marriage as Like the Middle East, Theres no solution. We then see her discover that her life isnt doomed to Groundhog Day and that she can still go places.By 1989, the time of the release of Shirley Valentine, Thatcher had only one year left to reign. The film continuously gives the audience evidence to prove it was set in a time just after the country had seen a revolution. By the 1980s, films like Shirley Valentine were fairly common. We were living in a class crazed country which had evolved from Thatchers right to buy scheme. People were now elevating themselves to higher classes believing it was their right as a homeowner, although realistically they were still in the same class as always. Women were rebelling against their stereotypical housewife roles and daring to be controversial, meaning divorce was becoming more accessible and popular.The codes and conventions are shown in all the macro and micro elements of British film making-Narrative and Genre, being macro elements and Mise en scene, Editing, Cinematography and Sound, being micro elements. The Narrative is ultimately the story. However the Narrative is constructed in a certain way in order to tell the story in a way we understand. Shirley Valentine, a middle aged housewife with no other purpose in life but to cook steak and chips for her husband, wins an all expenses paid holiday to Greece where she finds her true self and breaks free from her faceless, meaningless life in Liverpool. The Genre would be popular with women of the same era as the character. The Mise en scene should tell the audience where they ar e geographically and historically. In the case of Shirley Valentine I Established we were in Liverpool in the 1980s. The Editing, Cinematography and Sound all work together to move us across scenes and chapters. The four micro elements are put together to create a reality within the film.According to French Theorist Roland Barthes, we use a set of signs to read a film and its language. An approach called semiotics. We sub consciously absorb these signs, relating them to pieces of history meaning we can then understand what we see and hear without finding it confusing in any way. This leads us to the power of the suspension of disbelief. The suspension of disbelief enables us to hold back our desire to question what we see. Some films need us to suspend our disbelief more than others. Films with a complex Narrative which may not be from the realms of reality would require more suspension of disbelief. Films in the Genre of Shirley Valentine can be believed as actually happening in re al life. Something absolutely possible.When analysing Shirley Valentine, the signs which Roland Barthes discovered and the codes and conventions to reinforce the myths about Britain are apparent throughout. I have chosen one particular scene to reinforce we were living in Thatcher Britain at the time of production.Shirley and her husband Jo obviously own their own house and in the film Jo runs his own business. Shirley doesnt have to go to work which was probably saw as luxury in 1989. As Shirley is doing her morning cleaning, Shirleys neighbour Gillian knocks at the door to ask a favour of Shirley. Although Shirley, as I said before is a homeowner and doesnt need to work, she speaks with the same broad Liverpudlian accent and never claims to be above her station. The neighbour however, conforms to the class crazed society discussed earlier. She speaks with the Queens English and constantly informs Shirley of her Status. Gillians husband, Eric has to go to Brussels on business and s he requires Shirley to feed their Vegetarian Bloodhound.Gillian remarks on the trip as, such a bore, I said to him I really dont know why it couldnt be Paris or even Amsterdam. The street which Shirley lives on is a typical suburban street and the Mise en scene creates a typical 1980s house with lots of peachs and pinks, carpets with loud patterns and curtains draped in an equally loud pattern. A Street that would have no place for genuine aristocracy. A status the neighbour desperately aspires to be. As discussed earlier the right to buy scheme introduced by Thatcher gave people the chance to choose not to be another council house resident-the same as everybody else. Margaret Thatcher once said, There is no such thing as society, there are only individuals.I have discussed the 1980s and the state of the country during this time. I have discussed the things that became possible during this decade such as social mobility, a new desire to be a high class citizen and the lapse attitude people now had towards marriage and even life in general. I have explained Thatchers policies and how the country saw a massive change in the way things were run and I have referred to a particular sequence in the film Shirley Valentine that reinforces the question being asked. The producers of British and Irish film do use a set of codes and conventions to reinforce the myths about Britain.

Multiple Intelligences Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Multiple Intelligences Survey - Essay Example In a learning/teaching situation some of the different strengths are attributed to the students' different learning or cognitive styles (Larsen 1986). Therefore, if a teacher is able to recognize or take into account the multiple intelligences that her students are endowed with, and apply in her lesson plan then learners will be able to learn better. Taking into account the concept of multiple intelligences various tests and assessments for different levels have been developed that help in self-assessing one's own abilities in a particular area. The multiple intelligence survey that I undertook through the Internet search is specifically meant for teachers. The results with high score accurately indicated my strengths in areas that I am interested and good at. Most importantly the results have helped me to know where and why I am weak and what I can do to overcome my drawbacks. One of the learning strategies that I can adopt in order to improve my linguistic abilities is to reflect on what I read, maintaining a journal, recording or writing down stories etc. Similarly, my inclination towards nature helps and motivates me in learning and knowing more about the names of plants thereby enhancing my knowledge about nature. This again can be linked to improving linguistic ability by writing or describing what I experience and see, or hear in nature around me. Since, the results indicate that I am good at fine motor skills that include incorporating body movements into learning; I can adopt teaching techniques that involve call for body movements and gestures such as "dumb-charade" (a word-guessing game), where the students are divided into two groups and each student is prompted to explain an idea or meaning of a word through gestures and signs. In a classroom situation an activity can be developed in such a way that it has a sequence of activities that kindle different intelligences simultaneously. For instance, a blue print of a house plan is shown to the students and in the first step they are asked to study it (mathematical/logical) then they are asked to describe the plan (verbal) in step three the students are asked to discuss and share ideas (interpersonal). Conclusion Thus, as a teacher I think that incorporating the multiple intelligences concept into my lesson plan will certainly help me in judging the level of student's interest in a specific area and adopt a mode of teaching suitable to the individual in particular or a class as a whole. Besides, it also helps in formulating learning strategies according to individual abilities. It may not be really feasible to test on all the seven intelligences, but focus on those that facilitate in language acquisition. It can be concluded that the theory of multiple intellig

Managing Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Managing Information Technology - Essay Example are opened by the user, and sometimes information they have placed, like that their interests, hobbies and their personal details (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2009), (I-Net, 2011) and (Prashant, 2009). Moreover, the major function of cookies is to recognize users and most probably organize customized web-pages for internet users. In this scenario, when we visit a web site using the information stored in cookies then we can be requested to complete a form offering data and information such as our name, likes/dislikes and hobbies. Afterward this information and data is wrapped into a cookie and transmitted to our web browser that stores it for afterward utilization (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2009) and (Webopedia, 2011). There are lots of advantages of cookies for instance cookies do not require server resources as they are placed on the client system. Cookies are simple to apply. We are able to organize cookies to finish when the browser session stops. Some of the main disadvantages of cookies are that they can be erased by a user during their execution. Users browser are able to reject some sort of cookies, consequently our system has to predict that likelihood. Additionally, the cookies survive as a simple text on the client system as well as they can pretense a probable security risk since someone is able to interpret and change the information stored in cookies (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2009) and (Neeks, 2009). Neeks. (2009, March 21). What are the advantages and disadvantages of Cookies? Retrieved May 29, 2011, from http://www.dotnetfunda.com/interview/exam416-what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cookies-.aspx Prashant, V. (2009, June 20). What is Cookie? What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Cookies ? Retrieved May 28, 2011, from

Strategies for Market Research

Strategies for Market Research Marketing is a business discipline undertaken for one sole purpose, to enable sale of their product and service to consumers. The consumer behaviour is the study of how consumers interact with their surrounding environment when purchasing or disposing off the product. It forms the basis of marketing psychology i.e. why a person chooses one alternative over the other. The increasing competition and cultural shifts in societies across the globe have made marketing a challenging task. Therefore, marketers must strive to understand consumer’s behaviour and the drivers behind such behaviour in order to serve them well. Focus should be on varied factors like consumer attitude, buying habits, the colours they like, the tastes they prefer and so on. This study of consumer behaviour is critical to the success of businesses today and is the basic purpose of the practice of market research. As per advertising guru David Ogilvy negligence of research in business is like ignoring decodes of enemy signals in a war. He recognized that people who enter the market without proper research face the risk of their hard work being blown up by the winds of change. In his book he has discussed the value of market research which can get information on expected consumer response to a product way before they are launched in the market thus saving millions. Companies like proctor and gamble (PG) and Unilever realized this way before than others which added to their competitive advantage. Nowadays whether you are a manufacturer, a retailer, an MNC or a local store, consumer market research is inevitable in order for the business to succeed. This is the primary reason behind the phenomenal rise of market research agencies in the last few decades. Qualitative Market Research Talking about market research, the most emerging practice now days is qualitative market research. Qualitative market research is the technique of market research that involves observation, analysis and interpretation of behaviour of a small number of people in their natural setting. The researchers ask broad open ended questions and collect descriptive data from participants. Unlike quantitative market research, where the focus is on finding trends and doing prediction, qualitative market research focuses on explaining behaviour. It helps in providing more in-depth understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern such behaviour (why and how). The three most commonly used techniques are: Focus Group Discussions, In depth interviews (on one to one basis), and Observing participants in their natural environment i.e. Ethnography. Out of these, focus group discussions are of the most common type. So much so that they have become synonymous with the term qualitative market research. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) Focus group discussion was one of the foremost qualitative research tools available to the practitioners. It involves group of people sitting in an interview like setting. A typical focus group consists of 6-10 people who are unrelated to each other. They are brought together by a moderator. In the field ofmarketing, focus groups are used as an important tool for acquiring consumer feedback. People are asked open ended questions about their attitude, values, beliefs and perceptions towards a particular product, brand, advertisement, concept or packaging. This technique capitalizes on the inter-personal communication amongst participants to generate data. This means that instead of asking one to one questions, the researcher throws the topic of discussion to the group and encourages them to share their ideas and opinions and counter question each other’s experiences. Following steps are involved in focus group discussions: Set the objectives: The purpose of the study needs to be clear and specific. The more well defined the objective, easier the execution and analysis. Identify information needs: It involves decision upon what clients already know and what questions needs to be answered, what hypothesis is to be set regarding attitudes and motives and on what topics feedback is required. Identify participants: This involves decisions as to number of participants required, preferred characteristics of the participants and the method of recruiting them. Generate questions: A list of open ended questions needs to be kept handy. For e.g. instead of asking â€Å"do you like this packaging?† the moderator shall ask, â€Å"What do you think about this packaging?† Select moderator: The moderator should be a knowledgeable person with regard to the issue in hand. Also, he should be able to deal tactfully with the participants, keep the discussion on the right track and free from any bias and preconceived notion. Select the venue: The venue for the focus group study should be able to accommodate 5 to 15 people easily. Also, it should be easily accessible for the participants. A well selected venue also helps in encouraging conversation (cozy, inviting etc). Moderate groups: The moderator will ensure the discussion keeps flowing in the right direction, probe respondents and draw out important questions. Analyze and prepare reports: After thorough review of tapes recorded and notes taken, a written summary of results is submitted to the clients. Focus group discussions as a technique is most suited in the situations where opinions and attitudes of consumers are conditional to the purpose of study. It is also suited in new areas of research. However, caution should be taken when the discussion could become emotionally sensitive or where confidentiality of information could be compromised. The advantages of focus group discussions are in abundance. This method is extremely useful for bringing out the unanticipated reactions from the participants giving information about not only what behaviour people execute, but also how and why people behave so. Due to this reason, it can also be used as an effective social research tool in case of children or adults who are less literate. Thus, focus groups help in providing information about why or how a person holds certain beliefs about a topic or program of interest. It is a powerful social research tool and can provide high quality and validated data from the real consumers and that too in a cost efficient manner than if individuals were interviewed separately. It also adds flexibility to the research process with research having control to take the discussion in the right direction .Thus focus groups help to improve planning, implementation as well as evaluation of marketing strategies. The technique also suffers from some limitations. First, groups may be difficult to assemble or may vary considerably. As the group interaction forms the basis for focus group discussions, the information so provided can only be used at group level and not individually. Also, the people representing the consumers in the focus group setting might not be an exhaustive representation of the population at large. There is also the risk of moderator being less knowledgeable or biased towards a particular opinion. However, with necessary precautions focus group studies act as one of the most efficient social research tools. In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) In-depth face to face interviews use intensive one to one discussions with a small number of people. They are executed as confidential one to one conversations between researcher and participant. This method is suitable where the purpose of the study is to get exhaustive and precise answers from individuals regarding their motives and experiences which focus group studies and quantitative techniques cannot encompass. The method is also suitable where if the issue in hand is sensitive or controversial. Also, interviewing community leaders can provide a quick overview of needs and concerns of the respective communities. In the world of marketing, in-depth interviews are used usually in the initial strategies namelyto evaluate a new packaging, a new product concept, advertisement idea and so on. The in-depth interview is usually conducted in private surroundings of the participant so as to keep him comfortable in his or her natural settings. The average duration of the interview ranges from 1.5 to 2 hours and is usually recorded for post interview analysis. Following are the stages in the interview process. While focus group discussion is essentially a group behaviour technique, in depth interviews allow researchers to study opinions and behavior of participants individually. Also, in-depth interviews provide an opportunity to probe deeper into issues and get rich data. Ethnography Ethnography finds its origins in anthropology. In simple words ethnography is study of human beings in their natural environment and culture. The researcher submerges himself in the diverse and unfamiliar cultures and makes a rapport with the local population to understand their value system. This is done through active participation in day to day rituals such as cooking, eating, sleeping and shopping and close observation of people’s attitudes, perceptions, beliefs and customs. In marketing context, ethnography helps in understanding customer point of view. While focus group discussions and surveys provide self reporting data, ethnographic studies provide observational picture of consumers engaged in their day to day lives. It therefore, answers the latent reasons (why) behind consumer behaviour in particular communities. Once the facts are revealed, the information is then translated into marketing recommendations for the clients. The basic reasoning behind ethnography is that life and decision making process are more complicated than the marketing models. Ethnography can be undertaken at any time of the day in shopping malls, theatres, restaurants, stations, bus, colleges, schools or even on street. Now days, it can also be undertaken online by tracking down the images and posts shared by people on social media. Ethnography can be good to bring innovation in marketing strategies and foresee where a brand can expand into. For instance marketers of a well known brand of washing machines were surprised to find that their product was actually being used to make Lassi an Indian refreshing drink in state of Punjab, India. Another ethnographic study in Europe revealed that consumers use mobile to check their bank balance as a habit and not just in emergencies. This provided financial companies important stimuli to restructure their mobile banking marketing mechanism. Qualitative over Quantitative Market Research Quantitative market research is the mathematical part of the market research. It uses statistical models and theories to indicate results. They conduct research with the help of structured questionnaires and surveys and use a standardized set of questions for each individual. This facilitates accuracy and comparability in data sets. Qualitative research on the other hand aims at identifying factors that cannot be quantified such as culture , socio economic norms , role of gender , psychological barriers etc. it thus tries to fill the gaps left by quantitative market research. In short, while quantitative market research quantifies variations in data that determine varied consumer actions, qualitative research seeks to identify reasons behind such factors. When companies undertake qualitative market research, they usually expect a number of substantive advantages. Following are some advantages of qualitative market research over quantitative market research: They help in understanding the reasons (why and how) behind a certain behavioural action. Studies intangible factors that are responsible for changes in consumer behaviour thus providing a holistic view. For e.g. psychological factors such as perceptions, motivation and learning can only be understood using qualitative market research. They stimulate new dynamic thinking amongst participants and helps in evoking emotions and unadulterated latent reactions from the participants for better insights. It adds flexibility to the research process. There are no structured yes and no questions. Participants are encouraged to provide their opinions and understanding. Studies like ethnography are done in the natural environment of consumers, thus, providing a realistic picture and first hand information on issues concerned. The information from in-depth interviews is very rich and detailed. Thus, qualitative market research provides marketers with insights into drivers of consumer behaviour, purchasing habits and other opportunities for innovative product development and sustained competitive advantage. We can safely say that qualitative market research is surely here to stay and as the competition sores, is going to gain more importance. This is why there is an unprecedented rise in qualitative market research agencies. Also, many global companies like Unilever, PG, and ITC have already brought on board anthropologists in their marketing department. With growing innovation in the field, numerous other examples of qualitative research techniques available for practice in future are online focus groups, bulletin boards and so on. With the insights so gained using qualitative market research methodologies, marketers become well versed with the consumer behaviour patterns. The importance of understanding such consumer behaviour by marketers is that it enables them to gain knowledge about needs and attitudes of their target market. Infact, almost all the marketing decisions taken by the management are based on the knowledge and predictions about consumer behaviour. Conducting market research is a complicated and technical process. However, understanding it is critical for marketers in particular and business at large. It enables them to design efficient marketing strategies for particular market segment and it is more likely that the message developed for the target market will be delivered in a desired manner to the correct audience. For instance, by finding out that consumers are more receptive to food advertising when they are hungry, companies can schedule there advertisements in late afternoons. It thus hel ps to provide better product satisfaction, improve brand image and create competitive edge in the market. Hence, qualitative market research answers the threats posed by the uncertainties of consumer behaviour. It therefore provides solution to one of the biggest challenge of marketing in particular and of business management at large.